Command Lines

Linux

1. 获取当前bash pid：ps -p $$，获取fish-shell pid: ps -p $fish_pid
2. Commands for Manipulating The History
   • https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Commands-For-History.html
   • reverse-search-history (C-r)
3. Read from standard input and write to standard output and files
   • echo "example" | tee path/to/file

ZSH

Environment: No Internet, no sudo root privilege.

Install ZSH under user directory. Download ZSH source code: https://sourceforge.net/projects/zsh/

1. Extract

   xz -d zsh-5.9.tar.xz
   tar -xf zsh-5.9.tar
   cd zsh-5.9
   

2. Compile ZSH

   ./configure --prefix=/home/chenlu/.local/lib/zsh-5.9
   make
   make install
   

3. Create soft link

   ln -s ~/.local/lib/zsh-5.9/bin/zsh ~/.local/bin/zsh
   

Install oh-my-zsh. Download oh-my-zsh source code: https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh

You can create a new zsh config file by copying the template that we have included for you.

cp ~/.oh-my-zsh/templates/zshrc.zsh-template ~/.zshrc

Install powerlevel10k. https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k#how-do-i-install-powerlevel10k-on-a-machine-without-internet-access

1. Run this command on the machine without Internet access:

   uname -sm | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'
   

2. Run these commands on a machine connected to the Internet after replacing the value of target_uname with the output of the previous command:

   target_uname="replace this with the output of the previous command"
   git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ~/powerlevel10k
   GITSTATUS_CACHE_DIR="$HOME"/powerlevel10k/gitstatus/usrbin ~/powerlevel10k/gitstatus/install -f -s "${target_uname% *}" -m "${target_uname#* }"
   

3. Copy ~/powerlevel10k from the machine connected to the Internet to the one without Internet access.

4. Add source ~/powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme to ~/.zshrc on the machine without Internet access:

   echo 'source ~/powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k.zsh-theme' >>~/.zshrc
   

5. If ~/.zshrc on the machine without Internet access sets ZSH_THEME, remove that line.

   sed -i.bak '/^ZSH_THEME=/d' ~/.zshrc
   

To update, remove ~/powerlevel10k on both machines and repeat steps 1-3.

mv ~/powerlevel10k ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/themes/
ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"

GDB

GNU is a recursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix!".

gcc: GNU project C and C++ compiler

gdb: The GNU Debugger

使用gdb之前，通常使用gcc -g test.c编译文件，man gcc

-g  Produce debugging information in the operating system's native format (stabs, COFF, XCOFF, or DWARF).  GDB can work with this
           debugging information.

           On most systems that use stabs format, -g enables use of extra debugging information that only GDB can use; this extra information
           makes debugging work better in GDB but probably makes other debuggers crash or refuse to read the program.  If you want to control
           for certain whether to generate the extra information, use -gstabs+, -gstabs, -gxcoff+, -gxcoff, or -gvms (see below).

gdb中回车会默认执行上一次命令

1. help

   Type "help" followed by a class name for a list of commands in that class.
   Type "help all" for the list of all commands.
   Type "help" followed by command name for full documentation.
   

2. file: Use FILE as program to be debugged. It is read for its symbols, for getting the contents of pure memory.

3. list or l: List specified function or line. With no argument, lists ten more lines after or around previous listing.

4. run or r: Start debugged program. You may specify arguments to give it.

5. start: Start the debugged program stopping at the beginning of the main procedure.

6. next or n: Step over. Step program, proceeding through subroutine calls.

7. step or s: Step into. Step program until it reaches a different source line.

8. finish: Step out. Execute until selected stack frame returns.

9. print or p: Print value of expression EXP.

10. break or b: Set breakpoint at specified location.

11. info or i: Generic command for showing things about the program being debugged.

12. info break or i b: Status of specified breakpoints.

13. delete or d: Delete all or some breakpoints.

Git

官方文档，菜鸟教程

• working directory 工作区
• staging area 暂存区
• repository 版本库

创建仓库

1. git init 当前目录
2. git init dir 指定目录

克隆仓库

1. git clone url 默认目录名为仓库名
2. git clone url dir 克隆到指定目录
3. git clone -b branchname url 克隆指定分支，没有-b默认克隆 master 分支

设置提交代码时的用户信息

1. git config --global user.name "username" 用户名
2. git config --global user.email email@xxx.com 邮箱

分支管理

1. git branch 列出分支
2. git branch branchname 创建分支
3. git branch -d branchname 删除分支
4. git checkout branchname 切换指定分支
5. git checkout -b branchname 创新分支并立即切换
6. git merge branchname 合并分支到当前分支

提交与修改

1. git status 查看当前的状态，显示有变更的文件
2. git status -s 简短输出
3. git diff 比较文件的不同，即暂存区和工作区的差异
4. git diff filename 指定文件
5. git log 查看提交历史
6. git log --online 简短输出
7. git blame filename 以列表形式查看指定文件的历史修改记录
8. git add . 添加所有文件到暂存区
9. git commit -m "message" 将暂存区内容提交到本地仓库中
10. git commit -am "message" 首先 add 所有修改的文件，再提交，新创建的文件不会被添加
11. git reset --mixed commitID 默认回退模式，可以不填--mixed，回退版本库，回退暂存区，保留工作区
12. git reset --soft commitID 只回退版本库，commit 的信息
13. git reset --soft commitID 回退所有信息，工作区源码也会回退

远程仓库

1. git remote 查看远程仓库
2. git remote -v verbose 显示更多信息
3. git remote show remotename 显示指定远程仓库的信息
4. git remote add remotename url 添加远程仓库
5. git push remotename 推送当前分支到远程仓库

FFmpeg

官方文档

1. 查看 mkv 封装信息, ffmpeg -i input.mkv
2. mkv 只分离视频为 mp4, ffmpeg -i input.mkv -vcodec copy -an output.mp4
3. mkv 只分离音频为 flac, ffmpeg -i input.mkv -acodec copy -vn output.flac
4. flv 分离为 mp4, ffmpeg -i input.flv -c copy output.mp4
5. 提取 mp4 的音频为 mp3, ffmpeg -i audio.mp4 -vn audio.wav/mp3
6. 合并音频和视频文件，并使用 aac 重新编码音频文件, ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.wav/mp3 -c:v copy -c:a aac output.mp4

Fish Shell

1. Config file path ~/.config/fish/config.fish

2. Oh my posh oh-my-posh init fish --config ~/Documents/ohmyposh.json | source

3. Vi mode

   set fish_cursor_default block
   set fish_cursor_insert underscore
   # set fish_cursor_replace_one underscore
   # set fish_cursor_visual block
   

4. iTerm2 shell integration source ~/.iterm2_shell_integration.fish

Homebrew

换阿里云源：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/homebrew，从阿里云下载安装脚本并安装 Homebrew

git clone https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/install.git brew-install
/bin/bash brew-install/install.sh
rm -rf brew-install

• bash

  echo 'export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew-bottles/api"' >> ~/.bash_profile
  echo 'export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/brew.git"' >> ~/.bash_profile
  echo 'export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"' >> ~/.bash_profile
  echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-bottles"' >> ~/.bash_profile
  source ~/.bash_profile
  brew update
  

• zsh

  echo 'export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew-bottles/api"' >> ~/.zshrc
  echo 'export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/brew.git"' >> ~/.zshrc
  echo 'export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"' >> ~/.zshrc
  echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-bottles"' >> ~/.zshrc
  source ~/.zshrc
  brew update
  

• Search openjdk brew search openjdk

• Install openjdk brew install openjdk
• List services brew services list
• Start/Stop mysql service brew services start/stop mysql

Docker

1. Create and run a container with name "ubuntu", hostname "ubuntu", volume source "$PWD/CSAPP", destination "/CSAPP", using image ubuntu

   docker run -it --name ubuntu --hostname ubuntu --platform linux/amd64 --volume "$PWD/CSAPP:/CSAPP" ubuntu /bin/bash

2. See docker process docker ps -a

3. Container

   • list: docker container ls
   • remove: docker container rm 2a56b6fa205b
   • start: docker start -ia ubuntu
   • stop: docker stop ubuntu

4. Image

   • list: docker image ls
   • pull: docker pull ubuntu:latest
   • save: docker save -o oracle-ee.tar repo:tag
   • load: docker load -i oracle-ee.tar

Tmux

Document: https://github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki/Getting-Started#getting-started

.tmux.conf

1. The prefix key
   • C-b, Control + B
   • C- for the control key
   • M- for the meta key (normally Alt on modern computers)
   • S- for the shift key
2. Help keys C-b ?
3. Window operations
   • Create C-b c
   • Split horizontally C-b s
   • Split vertically C-b v
4. Select pane
   • Up C-b k
   • Down C-b j
   • Left C-b h
   • Right C-b l
5. Copy mode and using vi movement C-b [
6. Display pane numbers C-b q
7. Kill the active pane C-b x
8. Resize pane by 5
   • Up C-b M-Up
   • Down C-b M-Down
   • Left C-b M-Left
   • Right C-b M-Right

9. Run shell commands

   • run or run-shell
   • e.g. run pwd

10. Formats

    • Document: https://github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki/Formats
    • Display a format tmux display -p #{}
    • e.g. tmux display -p '#{pid}'
    • e.g. tmux display -p '#{status-right}'

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